IMTA represents a transformative approach to aquaculture that addresses critical sustainability challenges often found with traditional monoculture and polyculture systems, such as environmental degradation, nutrient pollution and vulnerability to climate shocks. IMTA integrates species from different trophic levels—such as finfish, shellfish, invertebrates and seaweed/ aquatic vegetation—within a single production system in either a pond or marine environment. This design enables nutrient recycling, reduces waste, and creates ecological balance in the culture system. The context for IMTA is shaped by global pressures on aquatic ecosystems, rising demand for protein, the urgent need for climate-smart food systems and the pursuit of sustainable, resilient aquaculture production models. Adopters include smallscale coastal farmers, cooperatives and private enterprises, while government agencies, CSOs and NGOs provide enabling policies and technical support.