Captive Propagation of the African Water Snail (Pila africana) for Brackish-Water Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture Systems in Nigeria
Okomoda VT, Fasakin JI, Akintola SL, Magondu E, Olatoye F and Iyangbe CO. 2026. Captive propagation of the African water snail (Pila africana) for brackish-water integrated multitrophic aquaculture systems in Nigeria. Penang, Malaysia: WorldFish. Insight Brief: 2026-27.
Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) is increasingly recognized as a climate-smart aquaculture approach that improves resource efficiency while reducing environmental impacts. The system integrates species at different trophic levels such that the waste products from the fed species serve as nutrients for extractive species. This ecological recycling enhances productivity, diversifies farm outputs, and reduces nutrient discharge into surrounding aquatic ecosystems. Under the Asia–Africa BlueTech Superhighway (AABS) initiative implemented by WorldFish, researchers are evaluating a Brackish water model of the IMTA system integrating Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) as the fed species, as well as the African water snail (Pila africana), and water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) as the extractive species in Nigeria. While fingerlings of GIFT tilapia are widely available through ongoing dissemination programs by WorldFish in Nigeria, and water lettuce is naturally abundant and easily propagated, the African water snail remains largely sourced from wild populations. This reliance on wild harvest creates a supply bottleneck that may limit the scalability of IMTA systems in Nigeria. This study, therefore, investigated the feasibility of propagating P. africana under captive aquaculture conditions. Comparative observations revealed that juvenile snails (initial weight of 11.41±0.55g) performed better in earthen pond systems (46±2.24g and 100% for growth and survival, respectively) than in cage-based lantern net systems (7.38±1.23g and 31.52±2.49% for growth and survival, respectively) after two months of stocking. Successful reproduction was also observed in earthen pond environments, where snails deposited eggs in clutches (4-5g) on sticks positioned in different parts of the ponds and protruding above the water surface. Eggs hatched after approximately twenty days, releasing hatchlings into the pond water. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of captive propagation of P. africana and highlight the need for further research to optimize the integration of the species into cage-based brackish-water IMTA systems.